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An axial compressor operates by compressing air through multiple stages that are arranged parallel to the compressor axis. Each stage typically consists of rotating blades (rotors) and stationary blades (stators), allowing air to enter the rotor blades, which impart energy to the air, increasing its velocity. The air then passes through the stator blades, which convert the kinetic energy into pressure, resulting in a rise in static pressure.

This multi-stage process enhances the overall efficiency of the compression, as each stage contributes incrementally to the total pressure increase. The use of several stages allows for a more significant compression ratio compared to single-stage designs, making axial compressors especially suitable for high-performance applications, such as in gas turbine engines.

To summarize, the characteristic operation of an axial compressor is defined by its design, which permits the compression of air through a series of stages, thereby maximizing efficiency and performance in high-pressure applications.